The pelvic floor consists of striated muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues that support the pelvic organs against gravity and intraabdominal pressure. The musculoskeletal structure has been vastly overlooked in the past in terms of diagnosis and treatment and as a primary and secondary source of pelvic floor dysfunction. In the past, it was thought that the pelvic diaphragm is composed of the coccygeus muscle posteriorly and the levator ani anterolaterally. Emerging evidence and focus on anatomy has identified a much more complex interrelationship between several individual muscles; each with their own distinct function, action and susceptibility to injury. The components of the female levator ani consist of the iliococcygeus, the pubococcygeus, pubovaginalis and the puborectalis. Superficial muscles include bulbocavernosus, ischiocavernosus and transverse perioneal.